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Plantago princeps

Cham. & Schltdl. (1826)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Plantaginaceae Genus: Plantago

ale, laukahi kuahiwi

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small shrubs or (in var. longibracteata) robust perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems hollow, erect or ascending, ca. 0.2–25 dm long, often branched, young internodes ± woolly with reddish brown hairs.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Tufted near the tips of the stems. Blades narrowly oblong–lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or sometimes elliptic, 6–30 cm long, 1.5–5 cm wide, blades undifferentiated from petioles. Apex acute to acuminate. Base slightly narrowed at base and sessile, or gradually attenuate to a winged petiole. Surfaces glabrous or lower surfaces sometimes appressed pilose; thick, coriaceous. Margins minutely and remotely denticulate or entire. (3–)5–9-veined, the veins usually converging toward base. Petioles up to 5 cm long, winged. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in scapes usually several, 10–50 cm long, spikes (7–)11–28 cm long, glabrous to sparsely pilose, flowers densely crowded, sometimes spike somewhat interrupted, each flower spreading at nearly 90° angle to the axis or (in var. longibracteata) ascending. bracts lanceolate,1.2–3 mm long, glabrous but sometimes woolly at base, bracteoles absent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx of 4 sepals, subequal, distinct, elliptic to elliptic–ovate, 1.8–3.2 mm long, scarious except on midrib, glabrous or ciliate, apex sometimes minutely erose. Corolla salverform, 4-lobed, scarious, persistent in fruit, the tube covering the upper part of the capsule, lobes spreading, 1.5–2 mm long. Stamens 4, alternate with the corolla tubes; filaments adnate to corolla tube; anthers long–exserted, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate, with as many cells; ovules (2?)4, placentation axile; style 1, terminal, slender.

Fruit: Capsules narrowly ovoid–ellipsoid; 3–3.8 mm long; enclosed in the persistent calyx; slightly exserted from calyx; dehiscent at a point ⅔ to base or slightly more. Seeds 3–4; black; ellipsoid to oblong–ellipsoid; 1.5–2.1 mm long; the surface apparently with a mucilaginous membrane; with well–developed; firm; translucent endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 12

Habitat: Steep slopes; rock walls; or at bases of waterfalls.

Elevation Range: 480–1,100 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • 2 collections from Hawaii
  • 480- ca. 1100 m
  • Description digitized by Joanne
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii

Bibliography

Name Published In: Linnaea 1: 167 (1826)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 6120 Molokai BISH 3/19/1910
2 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 5/3/1909
3 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2198 F 1895-04-23
4 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mitchell, a.l. collector number: 92 Maui BISH 11/22/1945
5 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN tessene, m.f. collector number: 1807 Oahu BISH 8/10/1965
6 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In Metrosideros-Styphelia lowland mesic shrubland with Dodonaea, Vaccinium, Psychotria, Wikstroemia, Sadleria, Broussaisia, Dubautia linearis, Lysimachia, Viola, Pipturus, Scaevola, Urera glabra, Lantana, Melinis minutiflora. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN perlman, s.p. collector number: 6642 Molokai BISH 10/22/1987
7 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information At base of cliff, mostly on bare ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2034 Maui BISH 3/23/1984
8 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros shrub cliffs W/Artemisia australis, Wilkesia gymnoxiphium, Hillebrandia sandwicensis, Chrysodracon aurea, Pipturus albidus, Lysimachia glutinosa, Erigeron karvinskianus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 23983 Kauai BISH 6/10/2014
9 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Waialeale Summit Bogs and adjacent drainages. Montane bogs dissected w/riparian veg of Metrosideros-Cheirodendron forest; w/mixed sedges & grasses including Rhynchospora, Dichanthelium, Deschampsia, Machaerina, herbs of Plantago pachyphylla, Viola, shrubs of Metrosideros, Dubautia waialeale, D. imbricata acronaea, D PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 12305 Kauai BISH 3/7/2007
10 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 564.mo Molokai BISH 9/1/1912
11 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN burrell collector number: 73 Oahu BISH
12 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Small valley at base of steep cliff, c. 200 ft. from head of valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tessene, M.F. Collector Number: 1807 Maui BISH 8/10/1965
13 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information aa flow PRESERVED_SPECIMEN montgomery, s.l. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 7/1/1985
14 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing w/ Pritchardia cf. martii, Silene perlmanii, Lysimachia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN perlman, s.p. obata, j. collector number: 5402 Oahu BISH 3/3/1987
15 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dicranopteris covered slopes with patches of diverse mesic forest with Metrosideros, Myrsine, Hibiscus, Freycinetia, Cyanea, Tetraplasandra, Psychotria, Hedyotis, Bidens, and Pleomele. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. Nishek, B. Collector Number: 6498 Kauai BISH 1/14/1999
16 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros polymorpha wet cliff Machaerina angustifolia, Kadua elatior, Kadua centranthoides, Erigeron Karvinskianus, Cyathea cooperi weeds: Psidium cattleianum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 23576 Kauai BISH 6/27/2013
17 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information With Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron trigynum, Pipturus albidus, Boehmeria grandis, Sadleria cyatheoides, Dubautia plantaginea, Machaerina angustifolia, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Cyrtandra grayi, Coprosma pubens, Broussaisia arguta, Dodonaea viscosa, Eragrostis variabilis, Scaevola chamissoniana. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN perlman, s.p. et al. collector number: 21287 Maui BISH 12/3/2008
18 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1664.o Oahu BISH 3/1/1911
19 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 391 Oahu BISH 12/24/1908
20 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. lorence, d.; flynn, t.; wood, k. collector number: 6354 Hawaii BISH 6/13/1990
21 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Small valley at base of steep cliff, c. 200 ft. from head of valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN tessene, m.f. collector number: 1807 Maui BISH 8/10/1965
22 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN montgomery, s.l. collector number: s.n. Kauai BISH 7/1/1985
23 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information At the foot of windswept cliffs at the very back of Iao Valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 911 Maui BISH 10/16/1980
24 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dicranopteris covered slopes with patches of diverse mesic forest with Metrosideros, Myrsine, Hibiscus, Freycinetia, Cyanea, Tetraplasandra, Psychotria, Hedyotis, Bidens, and Pleomele. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. nishek, b. collector number: 6498 Kauai BISH 1/14/1999
25 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Found in grazed areas behind the bay. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1527.o Hawaii BISH 6/17/1909
26 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Dicranopteris covered slopes with patches of diverse mesic forest with Metrosideros, Myrsine, Hibiscus, Freycinetia, Cyanea, Tetraplasandra, Psychotria, Hedyotis, Bidens, and Pleomele. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 6498 Kauai BISH 1/14/1999
27 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information hanging valley Riparian veg Metrosideros- Sadleria Cyanea fissa, Urera glabra, Freycinetia, Dubautia knudsenii, Cibotium, Touchardia, Pipturus, Machaerina angustifolia, Sadleria cyathioides, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Cyrtandra wainihaensis, Australian PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 24784 Kauai BISH 1/7/2016
28 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cowan, r.s. collector number: 824 Oahu BISH 2/2/1948
29 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Side hill PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hume, e.p. collector number: 349 Oahu BISH 11/28/1931
30 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN urbain jean faurie; b.1847; d.1915; faurie 1075 NHMUK 7/9/1909
31 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN A. A. Heller 2198 F 1895-04-23
32 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gaudichaud-Beaupr??, C. (Coll. HERBIER DE CANDOLLE) G
33 Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet, exposed area at summit amid mosses. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steven P. Darwin 1092 Oahu PTBG 7/6/1975
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